The Bible states that David founded a dynasty and that his son Solomon built a Temple. "For them the ecclesiastical Echmiadzin belongs irrevocably to the past, and even if the monastery and the cathedral are occasionally the scene of impressive ceremonies including the election of a new catholicos, this has little importance from the communist point of view," wrote Walter Kolarz in 1961. The Church, when Yakob took the throne, was impressively widespread, but the consequence of so many different peoples being part of the same church was that there were often many different messages spread throughout the empire, as the clergy was split between followers of Alexandria and Ewostathians, who refused to follow the hierarchy of Alexandria. An agreement was reached at the Treaty of Rhandeia in 63, according to which members of the Parthian Arsacid dynasty would rule Armenia as client kings of Rome. Its history is divided into the successive reigns of three royal dynasties: Orontid (321 BC200 BC),[6][7] Artaxiad (189 BC12 AD)[8][9][10] and Arsacid (52428).[11]. The boundary between Asia and Africa is the Red Sea, the Gulf of Suez, and the Suez Canal. After persecutions by kings Sanatruk, Axidares, Khosrov I, and Tiridates III, Christianity was adopted as the state religion by Tiridates III after he was converted by Gregory the Illuminator. Hello, and welcome to Protocol Entertainment, your guide to the business of the gaming and media industries. Things to Do in Armenia, Asia: See Tripadvisor's 151,896 traveler reviews and photos of Armenia tourist attractions. , , #11, 2005", "Modern history [part 2]. The Armenian Second Legion was thought to have been created around the end of the 3rd century or in the beginning of the 4th century. At its peak, under Tigranes the Great, it incorporated, besides Armenia Major, Iberia, Albania, Cappadocia, Cilicia, Armenian Mesopotamia, Osroene, Adiabene, Syria, Assyria, Commagene, Sophene, Judea and Atropatene. The Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic, also commonly referred to as Soviet Armenia or Armenia was one of the constituent republics of the Soviet Union in December 1922 located in the South Caucasus region of Eurasia.It was established in December 1920, when the Soviets took over control of the short-lived First Republic of Armenia, and lasted until 1991. [98][99] The Armenian forces eventually repelled the Turkish offensive and set the foundations of the First Republic of Armenia. The Kurds also occupy the western slopes of Ararat, the districts of Kazman and Tuzluca. The major cities in this region are Qamishli (Kurdish: Qamilo) and Al Hasakah (Kurdish: Hasakah). In response, Ghzn marched towards Syria and invited the Franks of Cyprus (the King of Cyprus, the Templars, the Hospitallers, and the Teutonic Knights), to join his attack on the Mamluks. the fifth and largest is Kara Djiolan, with a capital of the same name. The son of Constantine was T'oros I, who succeeded him in around 1100. He was assisted by fourteen bishops in administering the Armenian Church in the kingdom, a number which grew in later years. After these threats, Het'um went to the Mongol court of the Il-Khan in Persia to obtain military support, but in his absence, the Mamluks invaded Cilician Armenia. In AD 51 Armenia fell to an Iberian invasion sponsored by Parthia, led by Rhadamistus. In the late 16th century Christianity spread among petty kingdoms in Ethiopia's west, like Ennarea, Kaffa or Garo. The lowlands of southern Kurdistan are called lower Kurdistan. Microsoft is quietly building a mobile Xbox store that will rely on Activision and King games. It also served as a focus for Armenian nationalism and culture, since Armenia proper was under foreign occupation at the time. Between 1078 and 1085, Philaretus built a principality stretching from Malatia in the north to Antioch in the south, and from Cilicia in the west to Edessa in the east. [19][20] The 19th-century Kurdistan Eyalet was the first time that the Ottoman Empire used the term 'Kurdistan' to refer to an administrative unit rather than a geographical region. [44] The title has also been claimed indirectly by the House of Savoy by claiming the title King of Jerusalem and a number of other thrones. Zabel decided to embrace a monastic life in the city of Seleucia, but she was later forced to marry Constantine's son Het'um in 1226. [33], In 387, Armenia was partitioned between the Roman Empire and the Sasanian Empire. The region north of the mountainous region on the border with Iran and Turkey features meadow grasses and such wild trees as, Abies cilicica, Fagus sylvatica, Quercus calliprinos, Quercus brantii, Quercus infectoria, Quercus ithaburensis, Quercus macranthera, Cupressus sempervirens, Platanus orientalis, Pinus brutia, Juniperus foetidissima, Juniperus excelsa, Juniperus oxycedrus, Prunus cerasus, Salix alba, Fraxinus excelsior, Paliurus spina-christi, Olea europaea, Ficus carica, Populus euphratica, Populus nigra, Crataegus monogyna, Crataegus azarolus, Prunus cerasifera, rose hips, Cercis siliquastrum, pistachio trees, pear and Sorbus graeca. In 301, Tiridates III proclaimed Christianity as the state religion of Armenia, making the Armenian kingdom the first state to embrace Christianity officially. After Gregory the Illuminator's spreading of Christianity in Armenia, Tiridates accepted Christianity and made it his kingdom's official religion. Marcus, Harold G. A History of Ethiopia. 387439). [115], Today, Etchmiadzin "has a cruciform plan with a central cupola, four free-standing piers, and four projecting apses which are semicircular on the interior and polygonal on the exterior. Prior to the 9th century BC, the geographic region known as the Armenian Highlands was inhabited by Proto-Armenian and other tribes which did not yet constitute a unitary state or nation. [37][38] The second record occurs in the prayer from the colophon of an Armenian manuscript of the Gospels, written in 1200. Al-Hasakah province, also known as Jazira region, has geopolitical importance of oil and is suitable for agricultural lands. RFE/RL journalists report the news in 27 languages in 23 countries where a free press is banned by the government or not fully established. In 390 AD Bezabde was taken by the Persian army, and a terrible bloodbath ensued against the inhabitants and garrison. Antioch, a major center of Hellenistic Greece, and the third-most important city of the Roman Empire, then part of Syria Province, today a ruin near Antakya, Turkey, was where Christians were first called Christians and also the location of the Incident at Antioch.It was the site of an early church, traditionally said to be founded by Peter who is considered the first bishop. [87][88] A few days after the attempt, the Russians returned to Etchmiadzin, where they caught a different Persian force by surprise and routed them. [4] Catholicos Ghukas (Lucas) continued the renovations in 178486. The world's largest deposit of rock sulfur is located just southwest of Erbil. Augustus installed Tigranes V as king of Armenia in AD 6, but ruled with Erato of Armenia. in Iran, 65,000km (25,000 sq. [17] With the Crusaders' help, they secured Cilicia from the Byzantines and Turks, both by direct military actions in Cilicia and by establishing Crusader states in Antioch, Edessa, and Tripoli. But during an epidemic within the Roman forces, Parthians retook most of their lost territory in 166. The city has been called Vagharshapat for the most of its history. The largest Protestant group is the Ethiopian Evangelical Church Mekane Yesus, with about 5 million members. [94] Included in the region are Mount Judi and Ararat (both prominent in Kurdish folklore), Zagros, Qandil, Shingal, Mount Abdulaziz, Kurd Mountains, Jabal al-Akrad, Shaho, Gabar, Hamrin, and Nisir. in Syria, with a total area of approximately 392,000km (151,000 sq. With the translation of Scripture into Ethiopic allowing for common people to learn about Christianity, many of the local people joined the Syriac missions and monasteries, received religious training through monastic rule based around communalism, hard work, discipline, obedience, and asceticism, and caused the growth of the Churchs influence, especially among young people who were attracted to the mystical aspects of the religion. Geographically, Kurdistan roughly encompasses the northwestern An early institution often called a university is the Harran University, founded in the late 8th century. Ruben was alongside the Armenian ruler Gagik when he went to Constantinople upon the Byzantine emperor's request. The pashalics of Kirkook and Solimania also comprise part of Upper Curdistan. Makeda did as she was told and sent Menilek I, their son, to Jerusalem to be taught by Solomon, who offered to make him the prince of Jerusalem. Located 32km south of Yerevan at the foot of Mt Ararat, Khor Virap has been repeatedly rebuilt since the 5th century. Ewostatewoss followers were called Ewostathians or Sabbatarians, due to their emphasis on observing the Sabbath on Saturday. They played a crucial role in Ottoman Kurdistan is one of the most mountainous regions in the world with a cold climate receiving annual precipitation adequate to sustain temperate forests and shrubs. Tigranes VI of Armenia ruled from AD 58, again installed by Roman support. [7] Het'um became co-ruler as King Het'um I. [24] The Rubenids consolidated their power by controlling strategic roads with fortifications that extended from the Taurus Mountains into the plain and along the borders, including the baronial and royal castles at Sis, Anavarza, Vahka, Vaner/Kovara, Sarvandikar, Kuklak, Til Hamtun, Hadjin, and Gaban (modern Geben).[4]. Many served in the Byzantine army as soldiers or as generals, and rose to prominent imperial positions. It might first have been the garrison of Armenian lands which had been under the control of the Roman Empire. After two years of independence, Armenia was Sovietized in December 1920. In travail were heaven and earth, Armenian presence in Cilicia dates back to the first century BC, when under Tigranes the Great, the Kingdom of Armenia expanded and conquered a vast region in the Levant.In 83 BC, the Greek aristocracy of Seleucid Syria, weakened by a bloody civil war, offered their allegiance to the ambitious Armenian king. Amid the withdrawal of Iraqi forces from three northern provinces, Kurdistan Region emerged in 1992 as an autonomous entity inside Iraq with its own local government and parliament. The Orthodox Tewahedo Church was part of the Coptic Orthodox Church until 1959, when it was granted its own patriarch by Coptic Orthodox Pope of Alexandria and Patriarch of All Africa Cyril VI. [101], As of July 2007, the Kurdish government solicited foreign companies to invest in 40 new oil sites, with the hope of increasing regional oil production over the following five years by a factor of five, to about 1 million barrels per day (160,000m3/d). At the San Francisco Peace Conference of 1945, the Kurdish delegation proposed consideration of territory claimed by the Kurds, which encompassed an area extending from the Mediterranean shores near Adana to the shores of the Persian Gulf near Bushehr, and included the Lur inhabited areas of southern Zagros. [4], The apparent unification in marriage of the two main dynasties of Cilicia, Rubenid and Het'umid, ended a century of dynastic and territorial rivalry, while bringing the Het'umids to the forefront of political dominance in Cilician Armenia. After relentless attacks by the Mamluks in Egypt in the fourteenth century, the Cilician Armenia of the Lusignan dynasty, mired in an internal religious conflict, finally fell in 1375. Building Image Country Continent First built Use Notes Gbekli Tepe: Turkey: Asia: 10000 7500 BC Unknown, likely temple Located in southern Turkey.The tell includes two phases of use, believed to be of a social or ritual nature by site discoverer and excavator Klaus Schmidt, dating back to the 10th8th millennium BCE.The structure is 300 m in diameter and 15 m high. Official home of the IOC. The first state to rule over a significant part of the Armenian Highlands was the Kingdom of Urartu, also known as the Kingdom of Van or Ararat and called Biainili in the Urartian language used by its rulers. The 15 provinces of the Kingdom of Armenia with their capitals are as follows: 321 BC 428 AD monarchy in Ancient Near East, This article is about the Kingdom of Armenia during classical antiquity. [65][66] A guerrilla war took place through the 1980s and 1990s in which much of the countryside was evacuated, thousands of Kurdish villages were destroyed by the government, and numerous summary executions were carried out by both sides. The Franciscans were put in charge of this activity. [8][45] In 1909, Cilician Armenians were massacred in Adana. Bulargu was executed by Oljeitu for his crime at the request of the Armenians. The core of the current building was built in 483/4 by Vahan Mamikonian after the cathedral was severely damaged in a Persian invasion. [53], According to Faustus of Byzantium, the cathedral and the city of Vagharshapat were almost completely destroyed during the invasion of Persian King Shapur II in the 360s[57] (circa 363). "[106], Etchmiadzin slowly recovered its religious importance during World War II. Some historians have correlated a connection between Corduene with the modern names of Kurds and Kurdistan;[20][25][26] T. A. 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