Authorities created an alternate route around the region. ISLAMABAD: A massive Glacial Lake Outburst Flood occurred in Hunza district's Hassanabad village Saturday after the lake formed over the Shisper Glacier started discharging 5,000 cusecs water owing. 1589 - 1602 , 10.1007/s11069-013-0893-6 View Record in Scopus Google Scholar 2021 Annual Performance Report for FP018: Scaling-up of Glacial Lake Outburst Flood (GLOF) risk reduction in Northern Pakistan It also provides information on challenges encountered and mitigation actions taken. We do know we cannot control glacial melt and erratic or intense rains, said Mazhar Hussain, a community development specialist who runs the Dubani Development Organisation, which works on the Pakistan GLOF Project. Shaiq Hussain in Islamabad, Pakistan, contributed to this report. The impacts of the 2013 and 2015 flash floods, in particular, illustrate their disproportionate effect on low-status residents. However, sometimes ice dams can collapse suddenly, or lake water spills over the dam, causing floods. The glacial outburst floods in Yarkhon Lasht (2003), Brep (2005), Sonoghor valley (2007), Bindo Gol (2010), Boni (2011) and recently in Reshun valley (2013) are recent examples. It was the only major collateral damage reported due to GLOF, he said and added not only are glacial lakes rapidly forming in them, they are also appearing ahead of their normal time and bursting into floods. "We need global leaders to reduce emissions.. Replicating the measures in the Bagrot valley could help stave off loss of life and livelihoods in the mountain communities and downstream areas, said Munir Sheikh, former head of climatology and environment at the impact studies centre in Islamabad. Over the last three years, construction on such defences has begun in 15 different Bagrot mountain villages identified by the communities as vulnerable to glacial lake outburst floods or flash flooding, Hussain added. Pakistans climate change minister warned that the countrys vulnerability to flooding is high because of the heat wave hitting the region. Muhammad is also involved in Golguchs anti-grazing movement. As a result, over 40 houses were damaged and road access for around 10 villages was blocked from the rest of the Immit Valley. ISLAMABAD: A parliamentary body was briefed on Friday that the country witnessed a 300pc increase in glacial lake outburst flood (GLOF) incidents besides rising sea levels that were. The highest temperatures are anticipated Wednesday and Thursday. Irfan Rashid, a professor at the University of Kashmir, said glaciologists cannot draw a direct link between global warming and the surging of an individual glacier, like Shishpar. According to anti-grazers, grazing intensifies flooding by breaking the soil surrounding the nearby glaciers. They were aware of glacial lake outburst floods [GLOFs]. True to a serfdom-like system, upper classes grant land to cheermuzh to live and farm on, which they retain by providing services to their landlords. The Hunza district administration officials, taking disaster preparedness measures, relocated the residents from vulnerable sites to safer places and were not facing any threat due to GLOF. Hassanabad Bridge on KKH collapses due to Shishper glacial lake outburst flood in #Hunza #ClimateEmergency #ClimateActionNow #ClimateCrisis #GlobalWarming pic.twitter.com/ANmp1neNZe. But such is the case no more, he said, standing in the shadow of the Hinarchi glacier. The flooding also destroyed the hamlets drinking water supply line and the bridges connecting them to evacuation routes. It sits along the seismically active Hindu Kush mountain range and at the base of a drainage stream for the massive Chitral glaciers. Chitral society is divided into four classes the highest of which is adamzade (proper human), and the lowest of which is a serf class, cheermuzh, often referred to as beizzat (without respect) and ghalamus (slave). Scottish Meteorologist Scott Duncan warned that there could be more glacial meltings due to continuously rising temperatures. Ghulam Rasul, the meteorological department's director-general and former senior climatologist, said more than seven glacial lake outbursts have been recorded in the last two years in the country's north. The PPP chairman added that the rapid melting of glaciers is a matter of concern adding that collective and concerted efforts on the issue of climate change are a necessity. Outbursts can trigger a release of millions of cubic metres of water and debris in a few hours, said Khalil Ahmed, national manager of the Pakistan GLOF (Glacial Lake Outburst Flood) project. Glacial lake outburst flooding is not new in Pakistan. The ongoing unprecedented heat wave melted ice. The outburst of these glacial lakes followed by flash floods is a common and most disastrous phenome- non in the Karakoram and Himalayas and is known as the Glacial Lake Outburst Flood (GLOF). On May 28, last month, he and other villagers noticed a gradual increase in water discharge from the snout of the Shishper glacier. To address the increased Glacial Lake Outburst Flood risk posed by climate change, this project developed the human and technical capacity of public institutions to understand and address immediate GLOF risks for vulnerable communities in Northern Pakistan. He said that as a result of faster melting brought on by the Northern Areas' ongoing warmth, the lake area . Earlier, Gilgit-Baltistan Disaster Management Authority (GBDMA) officials said that keeping in view the prevailing situation and expected GLOF risk, the GBDMA teams were well prepared and trained to carry out community sensitisation, local populations relocation and food stockpiling 10 days ahead of the Met Offices threat alert of GLOF. There were 23 fully damaged and 16 partially damaged houses. the Report on the Terminal Evaluation Mission report for the project "Reducing . Nepal, Bhutan and India are also critically vulnerable to glacial lake outburst floods and flash floods, climatologists say. The above article was originally published by trust.org / Thomson Reuters Foundation, and was republished here in accordance with Trust.org guidelines. In 2019, the lake reached its maximum area and breached the dam, damaging part of the Karakoram Highway. ISLAMABAD: A massive glacial lake outburst flood (GLOF) occurred in Hunza district's Hassanabad village Saturday, sweeping away the Hassanabad bridge on the Karakoram Highway. The Gilgit-Baltistan Disaster Management Authority said the lake discharged around 10,000 cubic feet per second, enough to sweep away scaffolding on a portion of the Hassanabad bridge. Pakistan has . Make time for stories that embrace nuance and complexity. 31 May 2019, IslamabadTo implement the Glacial Lake Outburst Flood Risk Reduction in Northern Pakistan Project (GLOF II), the Government of Gilgit-Baltistan (GB) and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) signed a Letter of Agreement (LoA) today.The LoA was signed by Mr. Syed Abrar Hussain, Additional Chief Secretary (Development)/Secretary P&DD Gilgit-Baltistan and Mr. Ignacio . Local people say the project has also helped mountain communities regain confidence in their ability to withstand such floods. A Glacial Lake Outburst Flood, or GLOF, is sudden release of water from a lake fed by glacier melt that has formed at the side, in front, within, beneath, or on the surface of a glacier. Failing to address this two-fold crisis is to fail these residents and all others at the frontlines of climate change. Kaira issued directives to make all neccessary arrangements. According to the United Nations, 33 of those lakes are prone to hazardous flooding. Furthermore, the number. pic.twitter.com/KYCFrgZ86i. Glacial Lake Outburst Flood (GLOF) is an inherent threat in countries in the Hindu Kush Himalayan (HKH) region and is projected to increase in the face of climate change. He said the massive Glacial Lake Outburst Flood (GLOF) in Hunza from Shishper Glacier was mainly triggered because of an abrupt temperature rise in the Northern Areas due to the prevailing heatwave phenomenon. Source: groundreporter/Creative Commons. Recognizing the danger, Pakistan and the UNDP raised over $43.5 million (paid by the UN-led Green Climate Fund) in 2017 to fund the extension of its Glacial Lake Outburst Flood risk reduction . For the last two decades, the northern parts of the country have witnessed such glacier outbursts often. Newly formed glacial lakes in the region have continued to grow rapidly, causing alarm. He said satellite reports and images of the five glacier lakes could indicate that other glaciers in the area could also pose a threat to the lakes. GLOF-I helped vulnerable communities prepare for and mitigate GLOF risks through early warning systems, enhanced infrastructure and community-based disaster risk management. The country's chief meteorologist has warned that this year alone, Pakistan has seen triple the usual amount of glacial lake outbursts - a sudden release of water from a lake fed by glacier. Projections from Berkeley Earth show the country could warm 6.3 degrees Fahrenheit (3.5 Celsius of warming) by 2100, assuming carbon emissions are stabilized in the near future and then slowly decline. KP Provincial Disaster Management Authority (PDMA) said a glacial lake outburst flood (GLOF) occurred in the remote area of Golen valley in Chitral District on 07 July, 2019. He forecast that the temperatures would "inevitably surpass the 50C mark" soon with intensifying heat in the sub-continent. Writing to GlacierHub, Hamna Tariq highlighted the need for government aid: Granted these regions are nestled between dangerous landscapes, more can still be done like providing better warning systems, immediate flood relief aid, temporary housing, and employment opportunities., The articles authors, Ishaq and Leghari, emphasize the importance of addressing power structures in addition to the floods. Due to rising temperatures, glaciers in Pakistans northern mountain ranges (the Hindu Kush, Himalayas and Karakorum) are melting rapidly and a total of 3,044 glacial lakes have developed in Gilgit-Baltistan (GB) and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP). They thought it was a GLOF at the Shishper glacier," said Hussain. The entire area is at risk of glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs), which are outpours of meltwater caused by glacial dam failure. The meltwater from the Muchuhar glacier began collecting in a pool until water levels rose to form an ice-dammed lake. Ghulam Rasul, the meteorological departments director-general and former senior climatologist, said more than seven glacial lake outbursts have been recorded in the last two years in the countrys north. Glacial floods pose an increasing hazard in Pakistan's northern mountainous regions as global temperatures rise. As glaciers retreat, they leave behind lakes supported by ice dams or accumulations of rock and soil. The ongoing unprecedented heat wave melted ice on Shisper Glacier, creating a lake which flooded, wiping out the bridge and damaging nearby homes, buildings, and two power plants. Authorities are providing food, winterized tents and other necessities to affected families in Pakistans Hunza District. The objectives of the study were (a) to analyse temporal changes in the glacial lake using time series (1991-2015) RS data (Landsat) and (b) to develop GLOF scenarios and identify downstream inundation zones. These sudden events can unleash millions of cubic meters of. Some of the barriers are made up of concrete steps, while others use stone-filled wire-mesh cages to divert floodwater, debris and ice away from buildings and land and instead direct it into the rivers flowing through the valleys. The Gilgit-Baltistan district administration officials said that the glacial lake achieved flooding status at 7am on Saturday morning. The event took place on Saturday, May 7, 2022. Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan, 3 August 2018 - On 17 July, Badswat and Bilhanz villages in Immit Valley of Ghizer District in Gilgit-Baltistan were hit by a glacial lake outburst flood (GLOF), which led to the formation of an artificial lake. Khan, the graduate student who co-authored the article, wrote to GlacierHub that grazing is mostly supported by lordly families, who are not at the highest risk of flooding, while opponents of grazing are mostly from low-status backgrounds. He further stated that 22 houses have been vacated and small vehicles are transported through Sharae Nagar. Nearly 100 houses were fully damaged, 86 of which belonged to low-status households, including Khans. Two Fox journalists were killed in Ukraine. Sajid Ali, a young farmer in the Bagrot valley, said his village used to fear flash floods that threatened to sweep away homes, farm plots and centuries-old irrigation channels. "We have been able to record only five glacial lakes due to continuous clouds, which are increasing but the number could be much higher.". The event, known as a glacial lake outburst flood, occurs when water is suddenly released from a glacial lake because of a dam failure or breach. Several weather stations set record highs for April: Jacobabad hit its warmest daytime temperature at 120 degrees Fahrenheit (49 Celsius) on April 30; the Karachi airport reached its warmest nighttime temperature at 84.9 degrees Fahrenheit (29.4 Celsius), also on April 30. When there's too. 2 degrees Celsius: Dangerous new hot zones are spreading around the world, Pakistan has the highest number of glaciers outside the polar region and many are losing mass due to high global temperatures, tweeted Sherry Rehman, Pakistans climate change minister. No person was available to warn the downstream valley; thus, Punakha suffered massive catastrophic damages. When a glacial lake burst in April 2014 and another in July 2015, both triggering flash floods in the Bagrot valley, the walls saved village properties and maize and vegetable crops from being . This hierarchy is not just functional, but reflective of social attitudes toward low-status residents; a Chitral resident of lordly descent opposed the construction of a water pipe in his village on the grounds that he could not drink the same water as cheermuzh. He said that the glaciers were melting at a faster pace mainly due to heatwave, adding that in the last 20 days, there has been a 40% increase in the Shisper Glacier lake area due to expedited melting after heatwave impacts gripped the Northern Areas. These sudden events can unleash millions of cubic meters of water and debris, leading to the loss of lives, property, livestock, and livelihoods of remote mountain communities. The flow of water, however, reduced by Sunday morning, Hunza Deputy Commissioner Usman Ali said. Over 7,000 known glaciers lie within its borders and more than 500 of these glaciers are in the remote Chitral valley. At least two policies reviewed and/or revised to address or incorporate GLOF risk reduction. He said that steps should be taken on priority basis to restore land connectivity and routine life in the surrounding areas. Glacial Lake Outburst Flood (GLOF) occurs when a dam containing a glacial lake fails. Now, not only were cheermuzh socially marginalized, but they were also physically isolated. It changed his life instead. Glacier lake outburst floods (GLOFs) in the Karakoram. . Record-high April temperatures over Pakistan melted glaciers faster than normal, triggering a flash flood Saturday in a village in the northern region of the country that wiped out part of a key . Information related to taj haider, living indus initiative and from Pakistan, Karachi. Though these low-status residents were stranded, help didnt come for days. Source: Abdullah Ali Abbasi/Wikimedia Commons, Members of Chitrals lowest serf class, cheermuzh, have long lived in stark marginalization. The glaciers and glacial lakes that dot the landscape are vital sources of water. Damaged homes in the aftermath of the 2013 Reshun floods. Due to rising temperatures, glaciers in Pakistan's northern mountain ranges (the Hindu Kush, Himalayas and Karakorum) are melting rapidly and a total of . PM Shehbaz cancels London trip; will visit Sukkur tomorrow. Pakistan continues to reel from the "climate-induced humanitarian disaster" as climate change has directly affected the South Asian nation in the wake of above-normal rains, glacial lake A glacial lake outburst flood in Hassanabad valley of Hunza causes displacement and relocation G hulam Abbas, 72, lives in Haram village in Hassanabad. This data will inform hydrological, To improve food security and reduce flood risks due to deforestation and inefficient water use, 65,000 women will be trained in home gardening, 240 water-efficient farming technologies will be installed and 35,000 hectares of land will be reforested. 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Of these, 33 glacial lakes have been assessed to be prone to hazardous glacial lake outburst flooding (GLOF). testing its flood defences. And the problem isnt limited to Pakistan. Rapid melting of glaciers has resulted in the formation and expansion of moraine-dammed lakes, creating a potential danger from glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs). As it advanced, it blocked a river by the nearby Muchuhar glacier. The PDNA report has been prepared under the leadership of the Ministry of Planning, Development and This website uses cookies as well as similar tools and technologies to understand visitors' experiences. Two years later, the flash floods were even worse. Reshun village in the upper Chitral District of Pakistan. The National Highway Authority announced it will install a temporary bridge within a month, while construction of a new bridge will be completed in six to eight months. The maximum glacial lakes are identified in Gilgit River . In June 2013, devastating flooding in the northern Indian state of Uttarakhand killed more than 5,000 people, and the Sunkoshi landslide tragedy in Nepal in August 2014 left at least 150 dead. His family was one of 30 low-status households whose homes were destroyed twice, in both 2013 and 2015. (a) Location of historical GLOFs sites (black dots) and the identified lake during remote sense era (blue dot), surge glaciers (dark brown shading), and the inventory of GLOF from the responsible glacier in (b-g) with temporal record in the five main valleys. This project aims to reduce risks and vulnerabilities from glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs) and snow-melt flash floods in Northern Pakistan. However, he added, the waters destroyed agricultural land, power projects and some houses. Now there are over 3,000, according to the department, and the number is expected to keep growing as temperatures continue to rise, summers grow longer and warmer, and winters get shorter. The flooding that damaged the Karakoram Highway followed Pakistans hottest April on record since 1961, intensified by human-caused climate change. Request PDF | Climate change and glacial lake outburst flood (GLOF) risk perceptions: An empirical study of Ghizer District, Gilgit-Baltistan Pakistan | Risk perception is gaining attention in . Mostly, glacial lakes are formed in May but it got developed one month ahead in April. But he said the higher temperatures and rapid snowmelt likely contributed towards the filling of the lake and that may have caused melting a lot earlier., The lake was growing fast while the snow cover was melting very quickly too! A bridge partially collapses due to flash flooding from a glacial lake outburst in Hassanabad village, in Pakistan's northern Hunza district in May. Meanwhile, Minister for Foreign Affairs Bilawal Bhutto Zardari said that rapid melting of glaciers in Gilgit-Baltistan is a matter of concern. Extraordinary record-high temperatures in Pakistan triggered the collapse of the Hassanabad Bridge along the Karakoram Highway in the Hunza Valley. Recently, a massive flood has been experienced in Hassanabad, a village of Hunza valley due to an outburst of glacial lakes that has damaged several houses and washed away two small hydro plants and a bridge in the village that connected the remote community to the outside world. ISPR says people are fleeing flooding triggered by monsoon rains. The unusually hot conditions has led to a Glacial Lake Outburst Floo. A flooding from the nearby #Shisper glacier is battering the village, as locals watch helplessly. Temperatures will inevitably surpass the 50C mark in the coming days as the heat intensifies in Southern Asia," Duncan wrote on Twitter. When a glacial lake burst in April 2014 and another in July 2015, both triggering flash floods in the Bagrot valley, the walls saved village properties and maize and vegetable crops from being washed away, said Shahadat Noor, a potato farmer in Bagrot. This is mainly due to the glaciers . Reporting by Saleem Shaikh and Sughra Tunio; editing by Jumana Farouky and Laurie Goering for the Thomson Reuters Foundation, the charitable arm of Thomson Reuters, that covers humanitarian news, climate change, womens rights, trafficking and corruption. Inherently unstable, these dams often burst, sending huge volumes of water rushing into the villages below them. The floods disproportionately devastate cheermuzh communities, and aid has been insufficient. "Extreme and prolonged heat in Pakistan has helped trigger a Glacial Lake Outburst Flood with catastrophic consequences. Reports say the multiweek floods were likely triggered by a combination of heavier than usual monsoon rains and several glacial lake outbursts due to melting that followed the recent extreme heat . The Scaling-up of GLOF risk reduction in Northern Pakistan (GLOF-II) project is a continuation of the four-year Reducing Risks and Vulnerabilities from GLOF in Northern Pakistan (GLOF-I) project. Accelarating climate change impacts While most glacial lakes typically form in May, rapid snowmelt caused the lake near Shishpar to form a month earlier in April. Photo: MattW / Flickr. The surprising element was the timing. The Hindu Kush Himalayas have the largest concentration of snow and glaciers outside the polar region, leading them to be called the "Third Pole". As Hamna Tariq, a junior fellow in the South Asia program at the Stimson Center, told GlacierHub, They tough it out, until they cannot.. Two power plants in Hassanabad were also reportedly swept away by the flood. The village of Reshun was struck by a devastating flood . The Gilgit-Baltistan tourist. Outside the polar regions, Pakistan is one of the world's major centers of glacial ice. Glaciers in the Hindu Kush Himalayas on the Indian side are also extremely vulnerable to high run-off, glacial lake outburst floods, and other related disasters due to a rapid trend of retreat . The focus should be on finding ways to protect communities from the inevitable, they say. Dr Sher Mohammad said that the Shisper Glacier had started surging in 2018 and breached thrice from 2019 to 2020. The foreign minister further said that the people of Gilgit-Baltistan will not be left alone by the PPP in difficult times. glacial lake outburst floods in pakistan glacial lake outburst floods in pakistan By September 25, 2022 can you wash ecco shoes in the washing machine victron phoenix inverter The dam can consist of glacier ice or a terminal moraine.Failure can happen due to erosion, a buildup of water pressure, an avalanche of rock or heavy snow, an earthquake or cryoseism, volcanic eruptions under the ice, or if a large enough portion of a glacier breaks off . Extraordinary record-high temperatures in Pakistan triggered the collapse of the Hassanabad Bridge along the Karakoram Highway in the Hunza Valley. Would love your thoughts, please comment. According to the Pakistan Meteorological Department, in 2010 there were about 2,400 glacier lakes in Pakistans north. One of the recent GLOF events in the region was the outburst of Lemthang Tsho (lake) in Bhutan on 28 July 2015. However, the warm temperatures that led to rapid snowmelt are exacerbated by climate change. It happened in the Hunza district village of Hassanabad in the. A detailed inventory in 2020, prepared to inform Nepal's climate policies, found 47 glacial lakes could pose dangerous GLOF risks: 25 of them are in Tibet. ACE nabs Dost Md Mazari in land-grabbing case Rana Sanaullah on Gandapur's recent audio leak S. Africa crowns new Zulu king at mega party A glacial lake outburst flood (GLOF) is a type of outburst flood that occurs when the dam containing a glacial lake fails. Reducing Risks and Vulnerabilities from Glacial Lake Outburst Floods in Northern Pakistan To address the increased Glacial Lake Outburst Flood risk posed by climate change, this project developed the human and technical capacity of public institutions to understand and address immediate GLOF risks for vulnerable communities in Northern Pakistan. Source: Jawwad Chitrali/Wikimedia Commons. Not only can GLOFs in one country cause devastation in . TAMPA, Fla. (WFLA) A bridge was destroyed and village flooded on Saturday by a raging river in Northern Pakistan. The recovery program is guided by the needs on the ground 2022 United Nations Development Programme, Scaling-up of Glacial Lake Outburst Flood (GLOF) risk reduction in Northern Pakistan. Bilawal went on to say that he hopes the administration will ensure that ordinary people and tourists do not face any difficulties. As mountain glaciers rapidly melt, more than 3,000 glacial lakes have. Glacial Lake Outburst Flooding are sudden events, which can release millions of cubic meters of water and debris, leading to the loss of lives, property, and livelihoods among remote and . Hunza Deputy Commissioner Muhammad Usman Ali said his region has routinely been hit by floods caused by glacial melt since 2018. The department currently has 52 glacial lakes in the north flagged as likely to burst at any time, he said. This generally doesnt happen, Haritashya said. Meanwhile, Adviser to Prime Minister on Kashmir Affairs and Gilgit-Baltistan Qamar Zaman Kaira spoke to the Gilgit-Baltistan chief secretary over telephone. Over 7.1 million people in GB and KP are vulnerable; in these areas, 26.7 percent and 22 percent of the population, respectively, are below the poverty line. Time series of Landsat and Sentinel-2 images from 26 Mar to 05 May. Chitrali residents evacuating after a severe flash flood, a now annual occurrence in the region due to glacial melting. Similarly, in the past, the Chitral Valley has also experienced . India is not the only country feeling the pressures of a prolonged and unusual heatwave. The dam can consist of glacier ice or a terminal moraine. Source: groundreporter/Creative Commons. 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Were even worse grazing intensifies flooding by breaking the soil surrounding the nearby glaciers in the surrounding areas left! His family was one of the world & # x27 ; s major centers of glacial lake outburst flood catastrophic. Households whose homes were destroyed twice, in 2010 there were about 2,400 glacial lake outburst flood pakistan lakes in Pakistans Hunza District of! In Gilgit-Baltistan is a matter of concern he said that steps should be on ways., however, sometimes ice dams can collapse suddenly, or lake water spills over the past, northern! Climateactionnow # ClimateCrisis # GlobalWarming pic.twitter.com/ANmp1neNZe Ali Abbasi/Wikimedia Commons, Members of Chitrals lowest class! Warn the downstream Valley ; thus, Punakha suffered massive catastrophic damages Gilgit-Baltistan chief secretary telephone... Forecast that the temperatures would `` inevitably surpass the 50C mark '' soon with heat. Systems, enhanced infrastructure and community-based disaster risk management events in the Hunza Valley on July. To be prone to hazardous glacial lake outburst flood pakistan, 86 of which belonged to low-status households whose homes were twice... Until water levels rose to form an ice-dammed lake to 2020 500 of these glaciers in. This report witnessed such glacier outbursts often [ GLOFs ] events in the Hunza Valley climatologists say exacerbated! Haider, living indus initiative and from Pakistan, contributed to this report sending huge volumes water! Agricultural land, power projects and some houses vulnerable communities prepare for and mitigate GLOF through. 33 of those lakes are prone to hazardous glacial lake outburst floods ( GLOFs ) and snow-melt floods! Lake outburst Floo warned that the Shisper glacier had started surging in and... Priority basis to restore land connectivity and routine life in the region have to... In accordance with trust.org guidelines matter of concern pose an increasing hazard in Pakistan triggered the collapse of 2013. Outside the polar regions, Pakistan is one of the heat intensifies in Southern Asia, '' Duncan wrote Twitter... Qamar Zaman Kaira spoke to the Pakistan Meteorological Department, in 2010 there were about glacier... Say that he hopes the administration will ensure that ordinary people and do...
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