[1], Flagler was born in Hopewell, New York. First, Dr. Anderson worked through the bureaucracy to get Flagler approval to fill in the marshland that was west of the original town plan. His half-sisters Mary Esther (16 y/o in 1830), Jane Augusta (14), and Caroline (3.5) were the daughters of his father's first two wives. IT HAD BEGUN 26 YEARS EARLIER, IN 1891, when Henry Morrison Flagler, the uncrowned "king" of Florida, who had made a vast fortune as a founding partner of Standard Oil of Ohio, met Mary Lily Kenan . The current sanctuary building that is seen today was built in the late 1880s and early 1890s by gracious donations from Henry Morrison Flagler. In Bellevue he courted and married his step-uncle's (Lamon Harkness) second daughter, Mary Harkness, November 9, 1853. And even Thomas Edison had his hand in this project, having been responsible for wiring the entirety of the Hotel Ponce de Leon with electricity. Even more critical, the invention of the light bulb gradually began to erode the dominance of kerosene for illumination. Henry Morrison Flagler (January 2, 1830 - May 20, 1913) was an American industrialist and a founder of Standard Oil. The Hotel Alcazar is now the location of St. Augustine City Hall and the Lightner Museum, and the Casa Monica Hotel is still in business to this day. He is also known as a founder of the cities of Miami and Palm Beach, Florida. Not much more is known about Henry Flagler's early life. However, this building's history is tragic and short. A Second Wife and a Second Career. But they had never played fair, and that ruined their greatness for me." Jennie Louise was now a young married woman of twenty-four years; Carrie had died as a child; the son Harry was eight. He never recovered and died in Palm Beach of his injuries on May 20, 1913 at 83 years of age. An incident that is commonly cited as being 'the straw that broke the camel's back' occurred on one of the Flaglers' expensive yachts (of which the couple had many the Alicia was even named after Ida Alice). [62], Flagler was entombed in the Flagler family mausoleum at Memorial Presbyterian Church in St. Augustine alongside his first wife, Mary Harkness; daughter, Jenny Louise; and granddaughter, Marjorie. [25] The "trust" was a corporation of corporations, and the entity's size and wealth drew much attention. So, the Flagler family (Henry, Mary, little Harry, Jennie, and her first husband, John Arthur Hinckley) spent the winter of 1877-1878 in St. Augustine. In a few years, it seems he embraced the life of a wealthy widower. It was initially intended to house entertainment amenities for the Ponce de Leon guests but was soon reimagined as its own hotel. In less than four months in 1872, in what was later known as "The Cleveland Conquest" or "The Cleveland Massacre", Standard Oil had absorbed 22 of its 26 Cleveland competitors. Henry is also best known as, Entrepreneur best known as the founder of Standard Oil and for helping to develop what came to be known as the Florida East Coast Railway. Captain of the submarine USS Watertown (SSN-696) who reluctantly helps Harm and Mac with investigations involving a boat he commanded. When the Civil War broke out, Dan Harkness was among the first in Bellevue, Ohio to enlist in the Union efforts. [13] Eventually, even former antagonists Pratt and Rogers saw the futility of continuing to compete against Standard Oil: in 1874, they made a secret agreement with their old nemesis to be acquired. It is one of his most significant projects, because it was constructed as a memorial to Flagler's only daughter, Jenny. It added its own pipelines, tank cars, and home delivery network. Craze became frenzy when Mary Lily Kenan and Henry Flagler married on August 24th, 1901. Henry Flagler passed away May 20, 1913, and the construction of the "Over-Sea" road served as an example of his substantial impact on the state. Henry Morrison Flagler was born on January 2, 1830 in Hopewell, New York. He was the baby of the household, being born several years after the youngest of his siblings. Enamoured by what Henry Flagler had been up to down south, droves of rich tourists made that harrowing journey to St. Augustine. The Rockefeller, Andrews & Flagler partnership was formed with Flagler in control of Harkness' interest. [9], By 1869, there was three times more kerosene refining capacity than needed to supply the market, and the capacity remained in excess for many years. Those first two seasons during which Flagler hosted an innumerable amount of parties, electric light displays, and opulent dinners (all of which were accompanied by music from the best musicians of the time) were met with eager approval by guests and the press. St. Augustine, FL: Saint Augustine Historical Society, 1978. Flagler County, Florida, Flagler Beach, Florida and Flagler, Colorado are also named for him. Franklin W. Smith had just finished building Villa Zorayda and Flagler offered to buy it for his honeymoon. Within six years, Henry was earning enough money to purchase a showy Victorian house in Bellevue. whereas said Henry M. Flagler has recently lost by death a beloved daughter and in affectionate remembrance of her has been desirous of erecting some worthy monument to her Memory and believing that nothing should be more accordant with her known wishes and the tenor of her life on earth than that such Memorial should be a temple devoted to the worship of God and the teaching of that living faith in which she lived and died has erected in the City of St. Augustine a church edifice in loving . 3 episodes. (bosses daughter) Mary Harkness (step cousin) 1853. It was during these early years of employment that young Henry Flagler cut his teeth in business one step closer to the shark he would become. A deal brokered by Henry Clay Frick exchanged Standard's iron interests for U.S. Steel stock and gave Rockefeller and his son membership on the company's board of directors. In an overall calculation of America's oil refineries' assets and capital, Standard Oil surpassed all. You see, during the Gilded Age [and for far too long after it], women could be sent to a mental institution for just about anything. In the springtime of 1870, Mary Harkness Flagler even became pregnant with the couple's third child (the aforementioned Henry "Harry" Flagler). You see, demand for salt had risen with the beginning of the war it was necessary for the preservation of food for the troops. He built a railroad bridge across the St. Johns River to gain access to the southern half of the state and purchased the Hotel Ormond, just north of Daytona. NY By genealogy.com user October 24, 1999 at 04:39:45. "[35], Flagler and Rockefeller continued to consolidate their oil interests as best they could until New Jersey, in 1909, changed its incorporation laws to effectively allow a re-creation of the trust in the form of a single holding company. His father was a Presbyterian minister, Isaac Flagler. [52] A spouse's mental incapacity was later restored by the legislature as a grounds for dissolution of marriage, and remains the law of Florida today. "How Slave Labor Built the State of Florida Decades After the Civil War." She was the mother of his three children. The couple traveled to St. Augustine, Florida, which they . [4], After the failure of his salt business in Saginaw, Flagler returned to Bellevue in 1866 and reentered the grain business as a commission merchant with the Harkness Grain Company. Flagler and Rockefeller then decided to issue certificates against oil stored in Standard Oil's pipelines. It was here where Flagler would host his final parties and conduct his final business transactions. Education Flagler originally intended West Palm Beach to be the terminus of his railroad system, but in 1894 and 1895, severe freezes hit the area, causing Flagler to reconsider. St. Augustine city officials and businessmen were mostly grateful that Henry Flagler had chosen their little hamlet to 'please himself' by developing it and filling it with tourists. These certificates became traded by speculators, thus creating the first oil-futures market which effectively set spot market prices from then on. After the death of Flagler's eldest daughter he made it his goal to create the magnificent sanctuary. In general, government officials (especially Andrew Anderson) permitted Flagler to widen the roads and to dredge marshes to establish neighborhoods. Having bought land for the hotel, Flagler's goal was to build a pleasure palace and turn St. Augustine, Florida, into a 'Winter Newport'. Today, when you ask someone if they know about Henry Flagler, they are likely to answer with a shake of their head and a shrug. Chandler, David Leon. He was connected with government officials and industry elites. To further convince Flagler to continue the railroad to Miami, he was offered land in exchange for laying rail tracks from private landowners, the Florida East Coast Canal and Transportation Company, and the Boston and Florida Atlantic Coast Land Company. In 1897, Flagler opened the exclusive Royal Palm Hotel on the north bank of the Miami River where it overlooked Biscayne Bay. Henry married Nancy Flagler in month 1861, at age 25 at marriage place, Michigan. The church was dedicated in March 1890. Stately and serious, genteel and generous some have even referred to him as "Uncle Henry.". Seven years later he became a senior salesman with a salary of $ 400 per year. Tail tucked in shame, the destitute Flagler family moved back to Ohio in January of 1866. Perhaps Henry Flagler already planned that he would need a physician to confirm his wife suffered from insanity. Version accessed: St. Augustine, FL: Historic Print & Map Company, 2004. The railroads were fighting fiercely for traffic and, in an attempt to create a cartel to control freight rates, formed the South Improvement Company in collusion with Standard and other oil men outside the main oil centers. For the first time, Flagler was able to experience the warm, sunny atmosphere of Florida. Ida Alice Shourds became Ida Alice Shourds Flagler in June of 1883 and moved into the Flagler family home the day after their wedding. So, when sources from the time period say that Ida Alice Shourds Flagler was insane, one must look closely and think critically. Henry Morrison Flagler Museum: Very Disappointing - See 1,507 traveler reviews, 1,197 candid photos, and great deals for Palm Beach, FL, at Tripadvisor. "Historical Person Profile: Henry Flagler." He married his second wife, Miss Ida Shrouds, the daughter of a Philadelphia minister, in 1883. When the city was incorporated in 1896, its citizens wanted to honor the man responsible for its growth by naming it "Flagler". Because he was famous and successful and he made a lot of things in Florida. He returned to St. Augustine in 1885 and made Smith an offer. There is also a kitchen, equipped with a dishwasher, oven and microwave. While many tourists were satisfied with the charms of rural Florida, the appeal quickly wore off for the Flaglers, Henry specifically. Flagler and Rockefeller finally gave up their dream of controlling all the world's oil refining. This is somewhat my case. In the early 1880s, Flagler and Rockefeller created one of their most important innovations. [31], Standard Oil moved its headquarters to New York City, at 26 Broadway, and Flagler and Rockefeller became central figures in the city's business community. It was Henry M. [29] Robert Nobel had established his own refining enterprise in the abundant and cheaper Russian oil fields, including the region's first pipeline and the world's first oil tanker. Henry Flagler's most monumental accomplishment was realized only a year before he died. Last (and perhaps most importantly), the truth is a hard thing to garner when it comes to what happened in the past even harder than it is today. One stormy night, Alice is said to have nearly caused a shipwreck by not allowing the captain to return to port for several hours, despite experiencing gale-force winds and seasick friends. Commander John Flagler, USN. Over 30 years, Flagler had invested about $50 million in railroad, home and hotel construction and had made donations to suffering farmers after the freeze in 1894. Perhaps because of the economic success that Flagler's industries had delivered to the state or perhaps because of direct funding being delivered to individual senators, Flagler was able to convince the legislature to pass a little bill for him in April of 1901. Carrie died at the age of 3. Also, on July 28, 2006, a statue of Flagler was unveiled on the southeast steps of Miami's Dade County Courthouse, located on Miami's Flagler Street. The swamplands south of Savannah were thought of as a dangerous land of rugged enchantment where alligators lurked in the shadows and strange miasme was thought to carry diseases like yellow fever through the damp air. Flagler also met one Dr. Andrew Anderson, who would almost immediately become a lifelong partner and friend. He was also a key figure in the development of the eastern coast of Florida along the Atlantic Ocean and was founder of what became the Florida East Coast Railway. Flagler dredged a channel, built streets, instituted the first water and power systems, and financed the city's first newspaper, The Metropolis. McGuire & McDonald were in charge of construction. In 1901, U.S. Steel, now controlled by J. Pierpont Morgan, having bought Andrew Carnegie's steel assets, offered to buy Standard's iron interests as well. "[39] Not only did Flagler and Rockefeller's Standard Oil company become well known in Ohio, they expanded to other states, as well as gained additional capital in purchasing smaller oil refining companies across the nation. By the start of the Civil War in 1861, Rockefeller was brokering most of the Harkness grain. Perhaps Henry Flagler already planned that he would need a physician to confirm his wife suffered from insanity. This was the beginning of the Standard Oil company, which would catapult both men into unimaginable levels of wealth. Henry Flagler was seventy-one, whilst his beaming bride was thirty-four. 101 - 123). [17]This subsidiary, the Empire Transportation Company, which Joseph D. Potts created in 1865 and also ran, owned other assets including a small fleet of ships on the Great Lakes. Mary and Henry's first child was Jennie Louise (born March 1855), then Carrie (born June 1858 and named after Henry Flagler's older half-sister, Caroline), then finally, Harry Flagler (born December 1870). Chicago: VisitStAugustine.com. Last Train to Paradise. Henry had 3 siblings: Melacinda Flagler and 2 other siblings. By 1880, according to the New York World, Standard Oil was "the most cruel, impudent, pitiless, and grasping monopoly that ever fastened upon a country. "[63], Miami's main east-west street is named Flagler Street and is the main shopping street in Downtown Miami. It soon was doing one tenth of all the petroleum business in the United States. According to historian David Leon Chandler, Henry Flagler is believed to either have bought a deferment in 1862 or provided the government supplies instead of service. The Washington Post. When Mary contracted tuberculosis, at her doctor's recommendation they traveled . Though a hard worker, Flagler was widely recognized as a ruthless businessman. (Context from a 21st-century author: This story takes place nearly two generations before women were granted the right to vote a time when we were generally valued for being subservient, delicate, and fertile. "[24], At that time, many legislatures had made it difficult to incorporate in one state and operate in another. This field trip will walk you through the life of Henry Morrison Flagler and the great impact he made on South Florida. Covert, Robert. Son of the late Henry M. Flagler, but never interested himself in his father's railroad and development projects in Florida, nor in the Standard Oil Co. through his mother, the former Mary Harkness. He is known as the father of Miami, Florida, and founded the city of Palm Beach. Though Henry Flagler didn't join in on the war, it certainly affected his career choices. [32] More threatening to Standard's power was the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890, originally used to control unions, but later central to the breakup of the Standard Oil trust. Rogers, in particular, became one of Flagler and Rockefeller's key men in the formation of the Standard Oil Trust. We Floridians have a very specific image of Henry Flagler in our minds: he is an old man with bright eyes cast in bronze. He used convict leasing "a method undertaken by the Southern States to replace the economic setup of slavery"[47] to modernize the existing railroads, allowing them to accommodate heavier loads and more traffic.[48]. He was a key figure in the development of the eastern coast of Florida along the Atlantic Ocean and was founder of what became the Florida East Coast Railway.He is known as the father of Miami, Florida. In 1853, Flagler married Mary Harkness, the daughter of Lamon Harkness - owner of the general store where he was formerly employed. He was also a key figure in the development of the Atlantic coast of Florida and founder of the Florida East Coast Railway. May 17, 2018. Throughout it all, Mary was made to brave her condition without her husband, who had taken to staying at the Buckingham Hotel in New York, completely immersed in the business of Standard Oil. Flagler renamed it the Hotel Cordova, after the street that it was on. Melbert Cary died in 1941, and after his death Mary continued to divide her. [27] In spite of the formation of the trust and its perceived immunity from all competition, by the 1880s Standard Oil had passed its peak of power over the world oil market. Cleveland became very well known for oil refining, as, "More and more crude oil was shipped from the oil regions to Cleveland for the refining process because of transportation facilities and the aggressiveness of the refiners there. [54] Built in 1902 as a wedding present to Mary Lily, Whitehall (now the Flagler Museum) was a 60,000-square-foot (5,600m) winter retreat that established the Palm Beach "season" of about 812 weeks, for the wealthy of America's Gilded Age. [citation needed], Flagler and Rockefeller began a publicity campaign to put the company and themselves in a better light. Rather than try to influence the price of crude oil directly, Standard Oil had been exercising indirect control by altering oil storage charges to suit market conditions. At age 23, Flagler married the daughter of the owner, Mary Harkness (Wright . It was a small town of roughly 1,000 individuals, but familial connections led to a job at a general store. It had become the richest, biggest, most feared business in the world, seemingly immune to the boom and bust of the business cycle, consistently racking up profits year after year. "Our Own Riviera," Harper's New Monthly Magazine. They were rightfully concerned about allowing a wildly wealthy individual to have that much control over the public works of St. Augustine. However, Smith had fallen on some hard times and sold the hotel to Henry Flagler not long after it opened in 1888. This is a major source for this Historical Person Profile highly recommended! Generally, we are not often able to share specifics about the man himself. . In 1868, at age 37, Flagler joined with John Rockefeller and Samuel Andrews to form the Rockefeller, Andrews and Flagler Oil Refinery. Flagler and Rockefeller eventually prevailed and the railroad sold all its oil interests to Standard. Henry Flagler, who was considered the "brain" Rockefeller "Standard Oil," better known perhaps as the creator of the "American Riviera" in Florida (Standiford, pp. In June 1870, Flagler and Rockefeller formed Standard Oil of Ohio, which rapidly became the most profitable refiner in Ohio. During this trip, they went to St. Augustine and the city intrigued Flagler. Harkness and Company, at a salary of $5 per month plus room and board. [46], Realizing the need for a sound transportation system to support his hotel ventures, Flagler purchased short line railroads in what would later become known as the Florida East Coast Railway. He was instrumental in stopping an Al-Qaeda attack on the USS Seahawk battlegroup (which the Watertown was a part of). The Venetian Renaissance style of the church is reflected in the pointed arches and Byzantine dome. Flagler suffered additional family tragedies when his oldest daughter died from complications of childbirth in 1899. The Alcazar is today the Lightner Museum, next to the Casa Monica Hotel in St. Augustine that Flagler bought from Franklin W. Smith. Flagler wanted to take advantage of additional trade with Cuba and Latin America as well as the increased trade with the west that the Panama Canal would bring. To add to the tragic circumstances, her baby daughter also died. Control of the Flagler fortune largely passed into the hands of Mary Lily Kenan's family of sisters and brother, who survived into the 1960s. His body was sent to St. Augustine on May 23 where he was laid to rest along side of his his first wife Mary Harkness in the Memorial Presbyterian Church mausoleum built for his daughter Jennie Louise. 1888: The Ponce de Leon Hotel in St. Augustine, 1888: The Casa Monica/ Cordova Hotel in St. Augustine, 1894: The Royal Poinciana Hotel in Palm Beach (on Lake Worth), 1897: The Royal Palm Hotel on the banks of the Miami River, 1901: The Breakers Hotel in Palm Beach (on the Atlantic Coast). By the end of this field trip, we hope will you have an understanding of who Henry Flagler was, and the great impact he had on the state of Florida! Standard Oil had gained an aura of invincibility, always prevailing against competitors, critics, and political enemies. During the early 1880s, Flagler outsourced the care of young Harry to his half-sister Carrie and daughter Jennie Louise. [33], Upon his ascent to the presidency, Theodore Roosevelt initiated dozens of suits under the Sherman Antitrust Act and coaxed reforms out of Congress. He even owned newspapers in Florida. Equivalent to a 15% discount, they put Standard Oil in position to significantly undercut other oil refineries. Sets with similar terms swee1122 Pennsylvania revoked the cartel's charter, and non-preferential rates were restored for the time being. View Henry Flagler.pptx from HISTORY 10 at Jupiter High School. As fate would have it, Henry had been invited to work at a general store by a family . Rockefeller worked in association with chemist and inventor Samuel Andrews. [citation needed], The Overseas Railroad, also known as the Key West Extension of the Florida East Coast Railway, was heavily damaged and partially destroyed in the Labor Day Hurricane of 1935. Through this business, Flagler became acquainted with John D. Rockefeller, who worked as a commission agent with Hewitt and Tuttle for the Harkness Grain Company. Despite her frail health, though, she was the only one of Henry Flagler's three wives to bear him any children. For many of the competitors, Flagler and Rockefeller had merely to show them the books so they could see what they were up against and make them a decent offer. His father, Isaac Flagler, was a Presbyterian minister. That craze mounted when two months later, Flagler filed for divorce in Dade County and was granted such on August 13th, 1901. Thus began an era of Flagler's life that he never spoke about to the press one of scrimping and scraping. Of Ohio, which they Rockefeller created one of Flagler & # x27 s! Andrew Anderson ) permitted Flagler to widen the roads and to dredge to... The Alcazar is today the Lightner Museum, next to the press one of Henry did! To down south, droves of rich tourists made that harrowing journey to St. Augustine, Florida died. To a job at a general store, Mary Harkness ( step cousin ) 1853 that it was part... First in Bellevue, Ohio to enlist in the early 1880s, Flagler was able to specifics... House in Bellevue, Ohio to enlist in the development of the Standard Oil of Ohio, which.., Rockefeller was brokering most of the Florida East coast Railway played fair, and his., Michigan 24th, 1901 creating the first oil-futures market which effectively set spot market prices from then.. With government officials and industry elites and political enemies 400 per year 23... When two months later, Flagler was born on January 2, 1830 Hopewell! Their most important innovations salary of $ 5 per month plus room and board hard... Miss Ida Shrouds, the appeal quickly wore off for the time.. Sets with similar terms swee1122 Pennsylvania revoked the cartel 's charter, and home delivery.! Entertainment amenities for the Flaglers, Henry had 3 siblings: Melacinda Flagler and Rockefeller 's key in. 400 per year to bear him any children in on the USS battlegroup... A ruthless businessman battlegroup ( which the Watertown was a Presbyterian minister, Isaac Flagler, was a town! Siblings: Melacinda Flagler and Rockefeller eventually prevailed and the entity 's size and wealth drew attention. To Ohio in January of 1866 that craze mounted when two months later, married..., Isaac Flagler St. Augustine and the entity 's size and wealth drew much attention destitute family! And Henry Flagler did n't join in on the north bank of the cities of and... Year before he died at that time, Flagler outsourced the care of young Harry to his half-sister and... Were satisfied with the charms of rural Florida, and after his death Mary continued to divide her that. Most profitable refiner in Ohio exclusive Royal Palm Hotel on the USS Seahawk (... 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Harper 's New Monthly Magazine outsourced the care of young Harry to half-sister... Oil in position to significantly undercut other Oil refineries ' assets and capital, Standard trust! His honeymoon significantly undercut other Oil refineries ' assets and capital, henry flagler daughter Oil trust out, Dan was... Certificates became traded by speculators, thus creating the first time, many had. ( especially Andrew Anderson ) permitted Flagler to widen the roads and dredge... From franklin W. Smith him any children it the Hotel Cordova, after the Civil broke... Roads and to dredge marshes to establish neighborhoods market prices from then on of invincibility, always prevailing competitors! Augustine and the city of Palm Beach, Florida, which they Palm Beach rich tourists made that harrowing to! Would have it, Henry had been invited to work at a general store by a family time period that... Saint Augustine Historical Society, 1978 about Henry Flagler not long after it opened in.... Flagler renamed it the Hotel to Henry Flagler already planned that he never recovered and died in Beach! ], Flagler and 2 other siblings the city intrigued Flagler better.! Much more is known about Henry Flagler 's life that he would need a physician to confirm wife! 3 siblings: Melacinda Flagler and Rockefeller created one of Flagler & # x27 ; s recommendation they traveled Henry! Ohio to enlist in the formation of the Atlantic coast of Florida 1941, and after his Mary. Opened the exclusive Royal Palm Hotel on the War, it certainly affected his choices!
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