[179] The Ethiopian government claimed, on 30 June, that it could re-enter Mekelle in less than three weeks if it wanted to. [133], On the night of 9 to 10 November 2020, 600 civilians, mostly Amharas and Welkait, were killed in a massacre in the town of Mai Kadra with machetes and knives used by local militias and police loyal to the TPLF, according to preliminary investigations by Amnesty International and the Ethiopian Human Rights Commission;[134][69] other refugees, interviewed by the Financial Times and Reuters, said it was the Amhara militia who were the perpetrators and Tigrayans who were the victims. Ethiopia is no small African nation that can be crippled by American intervention. [109][266] Hopes that these talks could definitively stop the war, however, remained low, as fighting did not appear to slow down, and Ethiopia vocalized their distrust about the peace process. By supporting the war on Tigray, it might be hoping to get the support of Abiy and Isaias for its internal centralization project. Ethiopia's military accused World Health Organization (WHO) chief Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus on Thursday of supporting and trying to procure arms and diplomatic backing for Tigray state's dominant political party, which is fighting federal forces. [88] The founding and most influential member was the TPLF and the chairman was Meles Zenawi, who was the prime minister of Ethiopia until his death in 2012. The International Crisis Group claimed that the TDF now controlled most of the Tigray region. [179], On 29 June, Tigrayan forces vowed to continue their offensive and drive into Eritrea or the Amhara Region if necessary, and said that Mekelle was 100% under the control of Tigrayan forces. Two years after Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, his country is engulfed in a war with the potential to destabilize the whole region for decades to come, says DW's Ludger Schadomsky. [276][277][278], Since the war began, both regional and international powers have been actively involved in the conflict. More than 136 cases of rape were reported in hospitals in Mekelle, Ayder, Adigrat and Wukro in eastern Tigray between December 2020 and January 2021, with indications that there are many more such unreported cases. A number of outstanding issues in particular, the presence of pro-government troops in Tigray's Western Zone and restoring access to basic public service to Tigray were topics of discussion throughout. . "[54][55] Federal allied forces captured Mekelle, the capital of the Tigray Region, on 28 November, after which Abiy declared the operation "over. He called Tedros a 'criminal' and called for him to be removed. [302][303][304] The Ethiopian Government denied the allegations. The US has abandoned Ethiopia. [162], By mid-December, fighting had reached Hagere Selam, Samre, Dogua, Kolla Tembien, May Tsemre and localities around Maychew. To view this video please enable JavaScript, and consider upgrading to a web browser that supports HTML5 video. [207] On the same day, the Amhara regional government declared a state of emergency, which included a region-wide curfew. [160] However, refugees also spoke of the EDF killing 80150 people in Idaga Hamus on 30 November, as part of a larger series of extrajudicial killings known as the Adigrat massacres. "[222] On 12 December, Reuters reported that forces loyal to the TPLF had recaptured the town of Lalibela less than two weeks after government forces and their allies had recaptured control of the town for themselves. [156] The Tigray Defense Forces were engaged in a war of attrition with popular support from the people of Tigray, who were infuriated by war crimes committed by Eritrean and Ethiopian soldiers and worried about a potential decrease in the region's autonomy. This is why Abiy Ahmed, a man of mixed Oromo-Amharic parentage won favour with the two majority communities and came to power in 2018. But the East African nation is clearly maneuvering its relations between big powers like China and Russia. Meanwhile, Ethiopian and Eritrean forces began massing in Abala and Berhale in the Afar Region, within striking distance of Mekelle. [153] The first of these reports came in January 2021 from unverified social media accounts. A huge land in Addis and other places? WHO boss Dr Tedros denies supporting Tigray leaders. The State of Emergency Taskforce stated that the Tigrayan peacekeepers were returned to Ethiopia because of "infiltration of TPLF elements in various entities. Guld stated that 370 of the Somali troops trained by Eritrea were killed in Tigray, and hundreds of others were wounded. Therefore, Arab nations and Iran want to shore up their influence in Ethiopia in order to gain an advantage in the conflict-ridden nation. [268] By 29 December, federal police were reported to have returned to Tigray,[269] while flights and internet access had also been restored. Some articles state that the war began on 4 November; A few EEPA articles begin with the following injunction: ", formally agreed to a cessation of hostilities, attacked the Northern Command headquarters, Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front, Southern Ethiopian People's Democratic Movement, National Intelligence and Security Service, United Front of Ethiopian Federalist and Confederalist Forces, Tigrayan peace process Ceasefire period (March 2022August 2022), National Intelligence and Security Agency, War crimes in the Tigray War Crimes against humanity, Ethnic discrimination in Ethiopia Tigray War, Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, Intergovernmental Authority on Development, "Ethiopia Will Explode if It Doesn't Move Beyond Ethnic-Based Politics", "Hate Speech on Facebook Is Pushing Ethiopia Dangerously Close to a Genocide", "Regional Special Forces Pose Threat to Peace and Security in Ethiopia", "Ethiopia's Tigray forces enter neighbouring Afar region, Afar says", "Ethiopia's Amhara state rallies residents to fight Tigrayans", "Three more regions reinforce Ethiopia army, Amhara against Tigray forces", "Ethiopia: Fear Tigray conflict could trigger all-out war", "Ethiopian PM confirms Eritrean troops entered Tigray during conflict", "Eritrea confirms its troops are fighting in Ethiopia's Tigray", "UAE air bridge provides military support to Ethiopia gov't", "Foreign Drones Tip the Balance in Ethiopia's Civil War", "Ethiopian prime minister in UAE as Tigray war rages on", "Ethiopian anti-government alliance says plans to dismantle government by force or negotiations", "Tigray, other groups form alliance against Ethiopia's leader", "Ethiopia armed group says it has alliance with Tigray forces", "Leaked EU Diplomatic Cable: Delegation of the European Union to Ethiopia", "The Sidama National Liberation Front to Join the Coalition of Resistance by the Federalist Forces", "Eight Groups Join Tigray Rebels Vowing to Oust Ethiopia's Leader", "An Afar-based armed group parts its ways with TPLF-led alliance", "Benishangul Gumuz regional govt, rebel group sign peace agreement", "African Union: Agreement reached on permanent cessation of hostilities in Ethiopia", "Combatants in Ethiopia's Tigray war agree to stop fighting", "Warring parties in Ethiopia agree on 'permanent cessation of hostilities', "Ethiopia combatants sign deal to start implementing truce", https://english.aawsat.com/home/article/3983166/ethiopia-truce-implementation-start-%E2%80%98immediately%E2%80%99-mediator-says, "Ethiopia Rivals Agree on Humanitarian Access for Tigray", "Ethiopia's Tigray War: A Deadly, Dangerous Stalemate", "On 'Rooftop of Africa,' Ethiopia's Troops Hunt Fugitive Former Rulers", "Wieder Luftangriffe der Armee in Tigray", "Ethiopia civil war: Hyenas scavenge on corpses as Tigray forces retreat", "Ethiopia's Tigray conflict: Thousands reported killed in clashes", "After battlefield reversals, what next for Ethiopia's Tigray war? By February 2021, about 45,000 civilians had been forced to leave the zone due to extrajudicial killings, arbitrary detentions, and the disappearances of people, especially young men. [53], On 28 and 29 November, witnesses and survivors, including refugees in Sudan, reported that the Eritrean Defence Forces (EDF) carried out the Axum massacre of about 720 to 800 civilians. 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[369] Both Agence France-Presse and BBC News have documented examples of old or manipulated photos, which misleadingly endorsed either the federal Ethiopian government or the TPLF. [213], On 22 November, Prime Minister Abiy stated that he will be leading the fight against the rebels from the battlefront after the TDF claimed to have captured Shewa Robit,[214][215] saying; "We are now in the final stages of saving Ethiopia. It is pushing a misleading narrative that projects the Tigray fighters as victims and the Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed as some sort of an aggressor. The groupeventually led an alliance of militia organizations, the Ethiopian People'sRevolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF), that overthrew the Soviet Union-backed regime in 1991. "[352][353] WHO officials stated that childhood vaccination rates had plummeted from 90% (before the war) to under 10%. [35] The Ethiopian army accused Sudan of providing support to Tigray fighters who tried to infiltrate from the Mahalla area on the border between the two countries. [181], On 6 July 2021, the Tigrayan government mobilised to retake western Tigray from Amhara forces. [111] The terms of federal and regional lawmakers, as well as the executive branch, were then extended by federal parliament beyond the October 2020 constitutional mandates. Tigrayan guerrilla warfare (November 2020 June 2021), Tigrayan counter-offensive (June November 2021), TDF-OLA joint offensive (October December 2021), Government-allied counter-offensive (November 2021 March 2022), Resurgence of fighting (August November 2022), Second ceasefire (November 2022 present). Human rights deteriorated during this time, with opposition groups complaining ofpersecution and corruption, which fedinto growing public discontent. [246][247][248] The TDF had, thus far, largely resisted the offensive, and reportedly launched a counterattack to retake Sheraro. Photo: Clara Margais/dpa, 17 January 2023, United Kingdom, Wolverhampton: Liverpool's Mohamed Salah warms up during the English FA Cup third round replay soccer match between Wolverhampton Wanderers and Liverpool at Molineux Stadium. Ethiopia claimed the clashes were Ethiopia trying to stop a Sudanese militia which had tried to cross into Ethiopian territory and seize farmlands. [204][205] A humanitarian worker citing witnesses said the EDF were fighting the TDF in Berhale, a town in Afar 71 kilometres (44mi) northeast of Mekelle. The operation resulted in the killing of more than 50 militants and the injury of more than 70 others. [256] According to peace and conflict studies researcher Kjetil Tronvoll, it is likely that 100,000 people had been killed over the preceding few weeks, and alleged that Eritrea and Ethiopia were using human wave attacks to overwhelm Tigrayan defenses. Yabsira Eshetie, the administrator of the area, denied the claims. The alleged killings took place in the town of Kobo, located along the highway to the capital, Addis Ababa. French and German foreign ministers in Ethiopia to support peace. [252], On 10 October, the TPLF claimed that Eritrea was escalating its offensive, sending more forces towards Rama, Tserona, and Zalambessa in the far north, with one aid worker saying it is the heaviest fighting since hostilities resumed. From 26 November to 6 December 2021, Ethiopian allied forces recaptured several towns in the Amhara and Afar regions including Lalibela and Shewa Robit, according to the Ethiopian government. 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TheEPRDF selectedAbiy Ahmed, of the Oromo ethnic group, as hissuccessor and he was soon elected prime minister. [345], In February 2021, GOAL Ethiopia, the International Rescue Committee (IRC), MCMDO, MSF-Spain, and World Vision, found that nearly one in seven children in 16 woredas and town administrations across Tigray were acutely malnourished. Sudan denied claims that it was involved in an armed group's attempt to attack the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD), the second accusation of its kind involving Sudan in the Ethiopian crisis. [155] Meanwhile, the continued war prompted regional leaders, including Kenyan President Kenyatta, to voice their concerns and urge peace, while US Secretary of State Blinken met with the AU envoy to Ethiopia, former Nigerian President Olusegun Obasanjo, to discuss the crisis. [298][299][300][301] According to the EU's special envoy to Ethiopia, Pekka Haavisto, senior members of the Ethiopian government called for "wip[ing] out" all Tigrayans for 100 years. The UAE is the biggest example of this defiance, and Ethiopia is the battlefield. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), all of the functioning hospitals and health centres in Tigray had a lack of medical supplies, drugs, and equipment. Throughout the 1980s the TPLFemerged as a formidable challenger to Ethiopia's then Marxist military dictatorship. Therefore, Arab nations and Iran want to shore up their influence in in! Nation is clearly maneuvering its relations between big powers like China and Russia On! Of others were wounded emergency, which fedinto growing public discontent to get the of... Capital, Addis Ababa support of Abiy and Isaias for its internal project! The Tigrayan government mobilised to retake western Tigray from Amhara forces the same day, the Tigrayan were. 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