147, no. Compared with Langmuir and Temkin adsorption isotherm model, Freundlich model had better fitting results with the correlation coefficient as high as 0.992 for Cu 2+ ions and 0.978 for Pb 2+ ions. and Vijayaraghavan et al. 1. This isotherm explains the formation of multilayer. K. Vijayaraghavan, Biosorption of Lan thamide (preseodymium) using ulva lactuca: mechanistic study and application of two, three, four and five parameter isotherm models, Journal of Environment and Biotechnology Research, vol. 761767, 2007. Experimental data were described according to the Freundlich adsorption model, which defines adsorption to heterogeneous surfaces , i.e., surfaces possessing adsorption sites of varying affinities. B. M. van Vliet, W. J. Weber Jr., and H. Hozumi, Modeling and prediction of specific compound adsorption by activated carbon and synthetic adsorbents, Water Research, vol. Langmuir's model was a theoretical construct, while the Freundlich isotherm is empirical. This isotherm model describes an appropriate fit to the adsorption of adsorbate at relatively low concentrations such that all adsorbate molecules are secluded from their nearest neighbours [5]. 7, no. M. Davoundinejad and S. A. Gharbanian, Modelling of adsorption isotherm of benzoic compounds onto GAC and introducing three neww isotherm models using new concept of adsorption effective surface (AEC), Academic Journals, vol. (27). 1, no. 03, pp. Isotherm, line drawn on a map or chart joining points with the same temperature. It presumes a multilayer character involving Van Der Waals forces, applicable for physical adsorption processes, and is a fundamental equation that qualitatively describes the adsorption of gases and vapours on microporous sorbents [23]. 338348, 1958. Freundlich adsorption Isotherm gave a empirical relationship between the quantity of gas adsorbed by unit mass of the solid adsorbent and pressure of particular temperature. Langmuir model is associated with monolayer adsorption, while Freundlich one is related to multilayer adsorption. there is only one case that gives you the sorption capacity (not the maximum adsorption capacity) which is when the solution concetration is 1 mg/L. Langmuir-Freundlich isotherm can be expressed as follows: where is Langmuir-Freundlich maximum adsorption capacity (mg g 1), is equilibrium constant for heterogeneous solid, and is . Which of the following is the correct assumption of Langmuirs theory? The Freundlich adsorption isotherm is followed by another two isotherms, Langmuir adsorption isotherms and BET theory. The Jossen isotherm can be represented as follows:where is Jossens isotherm constant (it corresponds to Henrys constant), is Jossens isotherm constant and it is characteristic of the adsorbent irrespective of temperature and the nature of adsorbents, and is Jossens isotherm constant. P is Pressure, k and n are constants whose values depend upon adsorbent and gas at particular temperature . . The extent of adsorption depends upon the following factors: Adsorption process is usually studied through graphs known as adsorption isotherm. This type of isotherm is obtained when bromine is adsorbed on silica gel at 20 oC. From the above we can predict that after saturation pressure Ps, adsorption does not occur anymore, that is there are limited numbers of vacancies on the surface of the adsorbent. analyzed the adsorption data for the phenolic compounds onto granular activated carbon with the Fowler-Guggenheim isotherm and reported that the interaction energy () was positive which indicates that there is attraction between the adsorbed molecules [8]. In adsorption process, two substances are involved. Langmuir surface area depends on adsorption capacity of the adsorbent. The theory also . This isotherm model can express the feasibility and spontaneity of an adsorption process. N. D. Hutson and R. T. Yang, Theoretical basis for the Dubinin-Radushkevitch (D-R) adsorption isotherm equation, Adsorption, vol. 69, pp. 154165, 1997. Due to the inherent bias resulting from linearization this isotherm parameters are determined by nonlinear regression analysis [72]. The derivation of the Freundlich isotherm equation is based on the assumption that cations and anions are adsorbed onto the same surface simultaneously. It is a semi-empirical isotherm derived from a proposed kinetic mechanism. 1, pp. T. W. Weber and R. K. Chakravorti, Pore and solid diffusion models for fixed-bed adsorbers, Journal of American Institute of Chemical Engineers, vol. Although several isotherm models were applied, the equilibrium data was best represented by Freundlich and Flory-Huggins isotherms due to high correlation coefficients [18]. Because adsorption isotherms at very low solute concentrations are often linear, the Freundlich isotherm with N equaling 1 If the value of K is relatively larger it indicates that there is a strong interaction between adsorbate and adsorbent while smaller value implies a weak interaction. This model assumes that adsorption is a cooperative phenomenon with adsorbates at one site of the adsorbent influencing different binding sites on the same adsorbent [30]. Validity of Langmuir adsorption equation can be tested by plotting Ce/(x/m) Vs Ce. This isotherm model is predicated on the fact that the heat of adsorption varies linearly with loading. It is important to note that this model is only applicable when surface coverage is less than 0.6 (. Depending upon the nature of forces existing between adsorbate molecules and adsorbent, the adsorption can be classified into two types: 1. K. Vijayaraghavan, T. V. N. Padmesh, K. Palanivelu, and M. Velan, Biosorption of nickel(II) ions onto Sargassum wightii: application of two-parameter and three-parameter isotherm models, Journal of Hazardous Materials, vol. The Langmuir isotherm describes a progressively increasing surface occupancy as a function of pressure up until the entire surface area is coated with a single layer of molecules and no further adsorption can occur [40]. Fritz-Schlunder isotherm parameters can be determined by nonlinear regression analysis [69, 70]. [A] is proportional to the pressure of gas, P. The isotherm parameters (, , , and ) can be defined by multiple nonlinear curve fitting techniques which is predicated on the minimization of sum of square of residual [7274]. 1-2, pp. J. Toth, State equation of the solid gas interface layer, Acta Chimica (Academiae Scientiarum) Hungaricae, vol. Ayawei et al. Needless to say, this . Example of Type V Adsorption Isotherm is adsorption of Water (vapors) at 1000C on charcoal. Equilibrium and kinetics, Journal of Hazardous Materials, vol. Kiseler reported the use of Jovanovic isotherm model while determining adsorption isotherms for L-Lysine imprinted polymer. Their report showed that the best prediction of retention capacity was obtained by applying the Jovanovic isotherm model [33]. 150, no. 7, pp. The EPC0 was computed from P adsorption isotherm when it dissected the x-axis containing aforementioned equilibrium P solutions. Limitations of Freundlich Isotherm Freundlich isotherm only approximately explains the behaviour of adsorption. The Freundlich isotherm, presented by Freundlich in 1906 (Gaballah et al., 1997), was the first isotherm model proposed for sorption processes. In 1916, Irving Langmuir published a new model isotherm for gases adsorbed to solids, which retained his name. The amount adsorbed can be in milli grams per gram o. 4, pp. 1-2, pp. 6, no. 113132, 1995. 5, pp. 146, no. Langmuir-Freundlich isotherm includes the knowledge of adsorption heterogeneous surfaces. At high pressure, the surface is fully occupied by adsorbate molecules and the further increase in pressure does not effect adsorption. All adsorption occurs through the same mechanism. A. Dabrowski, Adsorptionfrom theory to practice, Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, vol. 9, pp. 7b-d and Table 2. Isotherms are commonly used in meteorology to show the distribution of temperature at the Earths surface or on a chart indicating constant level or constant pressure. Definition. It is against this backdrop that nonlinearized regression analysis became inevitable, since it provides a mathematically rigorous method for determining adsorption parameters using original form of isotherm equations [80, 81]. The overall sorption is exothermic and spontaneous and follows a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Liquid Phase Isotherms are based on an empirical Freundlich isotherm that shows the relationship between the residual concentration of a compound in a liquid and the load of a compound on the carbon. Part I. Two-parameter models and equations allowing determination of thermodynamic parameters, Journal of Hazardous Materials, vol. The absolute majority of modern studies dealing with the interpretation of experimental data on the basis of the Freundlich isotherm ignore the fact that the data obtained for regions of low and moderate adsorbate concentration/pressure can be analytically continued within the Freundlich adsorption model to the adsorptive saturation area with coverages tending to 100%. The Langmuir adsorption isotherm is used to describe the equilibrium between adsorbate and adsorbent system, where the adsorbate adsorption is limited to one molecular layer at or before a relative pressure of unity is reached. The need to design low-cost adsorbents for the detoxification of industrial effluents has been a growing concern for most environmental researchers. The average values of the Freundlich adsorption constant and empirical coefficient were K f = 0.010 mg/g and n = 1.58 l/mg, respectively. The Halsey isotherm fits the experimental data well due to high correlation coefficient , which may be attributed to the heterogeneous distribution of activate sites and multilayer adsorption on coconut shell carbons [16]. The adsorption isotherm can be given as follows [31]:where and are Halsey isotherm constant and they can be obtained from the slope and intercept of the plot of versus . 43016, 2004. This is an open access article distributed under the, Selection of an isotherm model and error function and determination of the adjustable parameters which minimized the error function, Determination of all other error functions by referring to the parameters set, Computation of other parameter sets associated with their error function values, Normalization and selection of maximum parameters sets with respect to the largest error measurement, Summation of all these normalized errors for each parameter set. Copyright 2017 Nimibofa Ayawei et al. This is the simplest adsorption isotherm in which the amount of surface adsorbate is proportional to the partial pressure of the adsorptive gas [4]. In the equation x/m = k.P1 / n (n > 1), 'k' and 'n' are constants that depend on the dm-3 and that was assigned to form a Co(II) complex with keratin. H. K. Boparai, M. Joseph, and D. M. O'Carroll, Kinetics and thermodynamics of cadmium ion removal by adsorption onto nano zerovalent iron particles, Journal of Hazardous Materials, vol. This indicates a complex sorption mechanism, including both physical adsorption and strong chemical interaction, dissociation constant, acid-base properties, and . Park, and S. Park, Cellulosic substrates for removal of pollutants from aqueous systems: A review. This explains formation of monolayer followed by multilayer. R. H. Fowler and E. A. Guggenheim, Statistical Thermodynamics, Cambridge University Press, London, England, 1939. This model is defined by the following expression:where is Redlich-Peterson isotherm constant (Lg1), is constant (Lmg1), is exponent that lies between 0 and 1, is equilibrium liquid-phase concentration of the adsorbent (mgl1), and is equilibrium adsorbate loading on the adsorbent (mgg1). 3859, 2003. Therefore, this empirical model has been applied for multilayer adsorption experiments with an uneven distribution of heat of adsorption and affinity of . 3546, 2008. 1-3, pp. 147, no. 2, pp. 6, no. Is Freundlich isotherm for chemisorption? J. H. De Boer, The Dynamical Character of Adsorption, Oxford University Press, Oxford, England, 1953. By taking log of both the side of isotherm, The form of the equation is y = mx + c. On plotting (log x/m) against (log P), a straight line graph is obtained which indicates the validity of the equation. G. R. Parker Jr., Optimum isotherm equation and thermodynamic interpretation for aqueous 1,1,2-trichloroethene adsorption isotherms on three adsorbents, Adsorption, vol. This S. Alahmadi, S. Mohamad, and M. J. Maah, Comparative study of tributyltin adsorption onto mesoporous silica functionalized with calix(4) arene, p-tert-butylcalix(4) arene and p-sulfonatocalix(4) arene, Molecules, vol. 136, no. 24, no. 432437, 2007. 17, p. 389, 1984. This assumption was tested on visible spectra of . The adsorption isotherm is a primary method that we can use to predict the adsorption capacity of a particular substance. What are the limitations of adsorption isotherm? A new adsorption isotherm for heterogeneous adsorbent based on the isosteric heat . 10971106, 1978. The key difference between Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherms is that Freundlich adsorption isotherm is empirical, whereas Langmuir adsorption isotherm is theoretical. 277281, 2016. Harkin-Jura isotherm model assumes the possibility of multilayer adsorption on the surface of absorbents having heterogeneous pore distribution [32]. If ' x ' is the mass of a gas adsorbed (adsorbate) on the surface of a solid (adsorbent) whose mass is ' m ', then the extent of . 8, no. C. Chen, Evaluation of equilibrium sorption isotherm equations, Open Chemical Engineering Journal, vol. 2-3, pp. Requested URL: byjus.com/chemistry/adsorption-isotherms-applications/, User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/103.0.0.0 Safari/537.36. The purpose of this paper is to present the IZO application that calculates and visualizes coefficients of adsorption isotherms according to Freundlich, Langmuir, and BET in a classic and linear system, in a simple communicative way. This isotherm model is an empirical isotherm incorporating three parameters. The Halsey isotherm is used to evaluate multilayer adsorption at a relatively large distance from the surface [16]. Fritz and Schlunder derived an empirical equation which can fit a wide range of experimental results because of the large number of coefficients in the isotherm [68]. At low adsorbate concentration this model becomes the Freundlich isotherm model, while at high adsorbate concentration it becomes the Langmuir isotherm. The adsorption isotherm indicates how the adsorbed molecules distribute between the liquid phase and the solid phase when the adsorption process reaches an equilibrium state [12] The adsorption capacity and also the performance of the activated carbon according to Kumal et al. The saturation level reaches at a pressure below the saturation vapor pressure. 151, no. The model is a semiempirical equation in which adsorption follows a pore filling mechanism [22]. 6.7 Langmuir-Freundlich isotherm. G. McKay, A. Mesdaghinia, S. Nasseri, M. Hadi, and M. Solaimany Aminabad, Optimum isotherms of dyes sorption by activated carbon: fractional theoretical capacity and error analysis, Chemical Engineering Journal, vol. If , then the Fritz-Schlunder model becomes the Langmuir model, but, for high adsorbate concentrations, the model reduces to Freundlich model. Fritz and Schlunder developed a five-parameter empirical model that is capable of simulating the model variations more precisely for application over a wide range of equilibrium data [74]. When , (18) reduces to Langmuir equation with (Langmuir adsorption constant (Lmg1 which is related to the energy of adsorption. K. V. Kumar, Comparative analysis of linear and non-linear method of estimating the sorption isotherm parameters for malachite green onto activated carbon, Journal of Hazardous Materials, vol. H. Shahbeig, N. Bagheri, S. A. Ghorbanian, A. Hallajisani, and S. Poorkarimi, A new adsorption isotherm model of aqueous solutions on granular activated carbon, World Journal of Modelling and Simulation, vol. 23, no. This isotherm model has a linear dependence on concentration in the numerator and an exponential function in the denomination which altogether represent adsorption equilibrium over a wide range of concentration of adsorbate which is applicable in either homogenous or heterogeneous systems because of its versatility [46, 47]. (BET) theory of multilayer adsorption, first proposed in 1938, is based on the assumption that physisorption results in the formation of multilayer adsorption. The molecules of gases or liquids or the solutes in solutions adher to the surface of the solids. C. Theivarasu and S. Mylsamy, Removal of malachite green from aqueous solution by activated carbon developed from cocoa (Theobroma Cacao) shellA kinetic and equilibrium studies, E-Journal of Chemistry, vol. The Freundlich isotherm does not have this restriction. The numerator is from the Langmuir isotherm and has the benefit of approaching the Henry region at infinite dilution [41]. 2013, Article ID 517631, 10 pages, 2013. In BET equation value if C <<< 1 Type III Adsorption Isotherm obtained. The linear form of the Redlich-Peterson isotherm can be expressed as follows [34]:A plot of versus enables the determination of Redlich-Peterson constants, where is slope and is intercept [30, 4245]. 116130, 2015. Isotherm (contour line) a type of equal temperature at a given date or time on a geographic map. 3547, 2014. 243254, 2013. K. V. Kumar and S. Sivanesan, Pseudo second order kinetics and pseudo isotherms for malachite green onto activated carbon: comparison of linear and non-linear regression methods, Journal of Hazardous Materials, vol. Prev Question Next Question . Because of the inherent bias created by linearization, several error functions have been used to address this shortfall. K. V. Kumar, K. Porkodi, and F. Rocha, Comparison of various error functions in predicting the optimum isotherm by linear and non-linear regression analysis for the sorption of basic red 9 by activated carbon, Journal of Hazardous Materials, vol. The Freundlich equation is an empirical expression representing the isothermal variation of adsorption of a liquid or gas onto the surface of a solid material, derived by Freundlich ( 1909) as an empirical . Molasses is decolourised by activated charcoal. 40, no. This isotherm model has been applied for the modelling of several multilayer and heterogeneous adsorption systems [53, 54]. Weber and Van Vliet postulated an empirical relation with four parameters that provided excellent description of data patterns for a wide range of adsorption systems [73]. 12, pp. The Freundlich isotherm is used to describe adsorption processes that occur on heterogeneous surfaces and active sites with different energies based on multilayer adsorption and equilibrium [60 . Examples of Type III Adsorption Isotherm are Bromine (Br. 236247, 2014. in certain titrations to determinate the end point using an adsorbent as indicator (Example: Flouroscein). Rania et al. Thus Freundlich adsorption isotherm holds good only at moderate pressure. The extent of adsorption from solution is related to concentration by an empirical expression known as . It is also widely used to estimate the surface excess concentration (SEC) for surfactants and other compounds in aqueous solution, from surface tension measurements. Calculate the constants "a" and "b" from the slope and intercept on the ordinate axis. Solution. One langmuir corresponds to an exposure of 10 6 Torr during one second. The Langmuir adsorption isotherms predict linear adsorption at low adsorption densities and a maximum surface coverage at higher solute metal concentrations. If the value of K is relatively larger it indicates that there is a strong interaction between adsorbate and adsorbent while smaller value implies a weak interaction. Learn about adsorption isotherms calculations, its concept, Freundlich Adsorption isotherm & its properties along with freundlich adsorption isotherm calculation. In recent times linear regression analysis has been among the most pronounced and viable tools frequently applied for analysis of experimental data obtained from adsorption process. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Verified by Toppr. At lower pressure region of graph is quite similar to Type II. 14, no. Possibly for this reason your data fits in both the isotherms. This model can be written in linear form: This model can be written in linear form: For example qm from Langmuir isotherm is very important when you design your batch system for wastewater treatment. T. L. Hill, Statistical mechanics of multimolecular adsorption II. 7, pp. This can be explained on the basis of a possibility of gases getting condensed in the tiny capillary pores of adsorbent at pressure below the saturation pressure (P, Examples of Type IV Adsorption Isotherm are of adsorption of Benzene on Iron Oxide (Fe. This situation results in the formation of attractive forces between adsorbed cations and anions on the surface. Freundlich model . Expert Answers: This is known as Freundlich adsorption isotherm. 431441, 1963. The value of RL indicates the shape of the isotherms to be either unfavourable (RL > 1), linear (RL = 1), favourable (0 < RL <1) or irreversible (RL = 0). The slopes and intercepts of the plot will give 1/n and log k respectively and hence n and K can be calculated. 1, pp. The Langmuir and Freundlich models are widely used to examine the adsorption isotherms. Answer (1 of 4): An adsorption isotherm is a plot of amount of gas or solute adsorbed by a solid at a given temperature, against pressure, in the case of gas adsorbing on a solid or against concentration in the case of adsorption from solution. The Freundlich adsorption isotherm is purely empirical and valid over a limited pressure range. At the maximum adsorption, only a monolayer is formed: molecules of adsorbate do not deposit on other, already adsorbed, molecules of adsorbate, only on the free surface of the adsorbent. This means that there is no stacking of adsorbed molecules. The Hill-Deboer isotherm model describes a case where there is mobile adsorption as well as lateral interaction among adsorbed molecules [6, 7]. A proper understanding and interpretation of adsorption isotherms is critical for the overall improvement of adsorption mechanism pathways and effective design of adsorption system [3]. The Langmuir adsorption model explains adsorption by assuming an adsorbate behaves as an ideal gas at isothermal conditions. O. Amrhar, H. Nassai, and M. S. Elyoubi, Application of nonlinear regression analysis to select the optimum absorption isotherm for Methylene Blue adsorption onto Natural Illitic Clay, Bulletia de la societe Royale des Science de Kiege, vol. 2, pp. Whats The Difference Between Dutch And French Braids? The value of this function can be obtained from the following equation: This function is very valuable tool for describing the extent of relationship between the transformed experimental data and the predicted isotherms and minimization of error distribution [93].where is coefficient of determination. 255, no. 251, pp. At high liquid-phase concentrations of the adsorbate, (16) reduces to the Freundlich equation:where and of the Freundlich isotherm model. The coefficient of determination () is defined by the following equation [93]:where is amount of adsorbate adsorbed by adsorbent during the experiment (mgg1), is amount of adsorbate obtained by kinetic isotherm models (mgg1), and is average of (mgg1). The Freundlich adsorption isotherm is associated with multilayer adsorption on the surface whereas, the Langmuir adsorption isotherm is associated with monolayer adsorption. The quantitative kinetic and equilibrium adsorption parameters for chlorure de mthylrosaniline (gentian violet, crystal violet) removed by commercial activated carbon were studied by UV-visible sp. 41, no. Adsorbate: The substance whose molecules get adsorbed on the surface of the adsorbent ( i.e. That is the amount of adsorbate on the adsorbent as a function if its pressure or concentration at constant temperature .The quantity adsorbed is nearly always normalized by the mass of the adsorbent to allow comparison of different materials. All adsorption sites on the surface of the adsorbent are identical. The linear form of the Flory-Huggins equation is expressed aswhere is degree of surface coverage, is number of adsorbates occupying adsorption sites, and is Flory-Huggins equilibrium constant . in the refining of petroleum and decolouring cane juice. However, upon rearranging (29) [65],The values of and can be obtained from either a plot of versus or using a least square fitting procedure. A. Kapoor and R. T. Yang, Correlation of equilibrium adsorption data of condensible vapours on porous adsorbents, Gas Separation and Purification, vol. Experimental conditions. The Jovanovic model is predicated on the assumptions contained in the Langmuir model, but in addition the possibility of some mechanical contacts between the adsorbate and adsorbent [33]. The equilibrium constant is used to calculate spontaneity Gibbs free energy as shown in the following expression [28]:where is standard free energy change, is universal gas constant 8.314Jmol1K1, and is absolute temperature. Finally, FTIR, XRD, and SEM analyses . 5, pp. 1, pp. Type I is characteristic of microporous solids with a relatively small proportion of the outer surface. The kinetics of adsorption for chromium was well represented by pseudo-second order kinetic model and the calculated equilibrium sorption capacity of the model showed good agreement with the sorption capacity obtained from experimental results. G. Varank, A. Demir, K. YetiImezsoy, S. Top, E. Sekman, and M. S. Bilgili, Removal of 4-nitrophenol from aqueous solution by natural low cost adsorbents, Indian Journal of Chemical Technology, vol. E.g., temperature, pressure, etc. [S] is proportional to the number of vacant sites, (1 q). Z. L. Yaneva, B. K. Koumanova, and N. V. Georgieva, Linear regression and nonlinear regression methods for equilibrium modelling of p-nitrophenol biosorption by Rhyzopus oryzen: comparison of error analysic criteria, Journal of Chemistry, vol. 20, no. Trending; Popular; . where is Langmuir maximum adsorption capacity of the adsorbent (mgg1); when , (18) reduces to Henrys equation with representing Henrys constant. S. K. Knaebel, Adsorbent selection, International Journal of Trend in Research and Development, Adsorption Research, Incorporated Dublin, Ohio. What is Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm? 9, no. Some Langmuir isotherm assumptions are likely disregarded, namely surface homogeneity and monolayer . The equilibrium data fitted well with Freundlich and Halsey models. The adsorption capacity calculated was 47.62 mg/g at pH 2. So Langmuir equation reduces to, The material upon whose surface the adsorption takes place is called an adsorbent .Activated carbon is used as an adsorbent. 2444, 2003. 13, pp. The supernatant liquid of each of the bottles are filtered through a small dry filter paper and the filtrate is collected in properly labeled conical flasks. How do you calculate RL in Langmuir isotherm? Adsorption Isotherms - Adsorption capacity is defined as the volume of gas that can be adsorbed per unit mass of coal at standard pressure. 38, no. 158165, 2008. S. A. Al-Jlil and M. S. Latif, Evaluation of Equilibrium isotherms models for the adsorption of Cu and Ni from wastewater on Benronite clay, Material and Technology, vol. At low adsorbate concentration this model becomes the Freundlich isotherm model, while at high adsorbate concentration it becomes the Langmuir isotherm. 6, pp. This operation is no longer computationally difficult because of availability of computer algorithms [21]. 24, pp. . Sips isotherm is a combination of the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms and it is given the following general expression [48]:where is Sips isotherm model constant (Lg1), is Sips isotherm exponent, and is Sips isotherm model constant (Lg1). is the experimentally measured adsorbed solid phase concentration of the adsorbate adsorbed on the adsorbent. From this the value of slope equal to 1/n and the value of intercept equal to log k can be obtained. This is a repository copy of Characterization of the Binding Properties of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: http:eprintswhiteroseacuk85148 S363S371, 2011. The Freundlich adsorption isotherm is followed by another two isotherms, Langmuir adsorption isotherms and BET theory.
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